Multiple imaging modality light source

ABSTRACT

A light source for medical or surgical procedures is provided which can provide at least three different imaging modes. Modular light engines are also provided which may be interchangeable within a light source system for increased imaging capability. Methods of using such light sources and modular light engines are also provided.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/321,414, filed Apr. 12, 2016, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a solid state system for providing illumination from an external light source through an instrument to an object, such as a patient surgical site. The external light source includes components for providing light in the visible spectrum as well as light in the ultraviolet and/or infrared spectrums.

Endoscopic systems are used to inspect regions within a body during surgery. Endoscopic systems typically include an endoscope, a light source, and an imaging device such as a camera head. Typically, an endoscope includes a rigid or flexible elongated insertion tube equipped with a set of optical fibers that extend from a proximal handle through the endoscope body to a distal viewing tip. An external light source provides light to the optic fibers via a cable that attaches to a post or other structure on the endoscope. The endoscope also receives images and transmits them to the imaging device for providing an image to a monitor or other display apparatus for viewing by a surgeon.

In one commercial embodiment, an endoscopic system includes a solid state light source that generates white light which is conveyed to a distal end of the endoscope via a light guide. The light guide includes multiple fibers and is connected between an output connector of the light source and a light post of the endoscope. The white light illuminates a working area at the distal end of the endoscope. The camera, connected to a handle of the endoscope, generates video signals representative of images at the working area for display on a video monitor.

The light source includes an optical system and a lens array used to collimate light from an LED array. A focusing lens focuses the light onto the light guide. The lenses collect light emitted by LEDs. The lenses may be single lenses, such as single or double aspherics, compound lenses, radiant index type lenses, or combinations of each of these. Other arrangements have lens arrays that are implemented as part of an LED array by adhesion, fusion, or other means. Some arrangements have a rectangular-shaped LED and lens array.

The focal length of the lens and the diameter of the lens are chosen on the order of a few millimeters. The actual values are selected based on the size of the LED emitting surface which determines the field of view of the lens.

The collected light from the lens array travels to a focusing lens. The focusing lens projects the light image of each LED emitting surface onto an entrance face of the light guide. The image is magnified so that the size is approximately equal to the size of the entrance face of the light guide. The light guide transports the light to the endoscope. The light passes through the endoscope to illuminate a surgical site. Light is reflected off of the surgical site which is received by the endoscope and transmitted to the camera head. The camera head provides images of the surgical site for display on the monitor.

Another endoscopic system that has been designed is described in commonly-owned PCT Application No. WO 2010/059197 A2.

The above-described endoscopic systems do not concern themselves with the ability of providing specific wavelengths of light or excitation of fluorescent markers in an object, such as a body part at a surgical site. While there are systems on the market that do provide excitation light for fluorescent markers, these systems typically use incandescent light and/or multiple light sources and multiple components to transmit light to the surgical site, and multiple components to separate the light emitted.

One embodiment of the present invention includes a single light source which is capable of providing white light, and providing ultraviolet light. The embodiment includes one or more movable light filters to provide a variety of illumination modes.

Another embodiment of the invention employs a light source to provide light in the red, blue, green, ultraviolet and infrared wavelength spectra to an endoscope which transports the light to a surgical site. Reflected light and fluorescent light from fluorescent markers at the surgical site are then transmitted through the endoscope, through a notch filter, for separation of light in the desired spectra, then to the imaging device.

Yet another embodiment of the invention includes two or more infrared laser diodes in the same light engine slot. The two or more infrared laser diodes are each connected to the same heat sink.

Still another embodiment of the invention employs a modular light engine which may be replaced with other modular light engines and/or may provide additional illumination modes to an existing light source.

Other advantages, objects and/or purposes of the invention will be apparent to persons familiar with constructions of this general type upon reading the following specification and inspecting the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of an endoscopic camera arrangement which is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a portion of the endoscopic camera arrangement of FIG. 1 and an object with fluorescent markers in it.

FIG. 3A is an enlarged, longitudinal and fragmentary cross-sectional view of the distal end of a preferred endoscope.

FIG. 3B is an enlarged end view of the distal end of the endoscope as seen generally along line IIIB-IIIB in FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a light source of the endoscopic system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the light and filter portion of the light source of FIG. 4 with movable filters out of the light paths, and showing a light emission first mode.

FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the LED and filter portion of FIG. 5 with movable filters in the light paths of an ultraviolet light and a green light, and showing a light emission second mode.

FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view of the LED and filter portion of FIG. 5, and showing a light emission third mode.

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic view of the LED and filter portion of FIG. 5, and showing a light emission fourth mode.

FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic view of the LED and filter portion of FIG. 5, and showing a light emission fifth mode.

FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic view of a second embodiment of the light and filter portion of the light source of the endoscopic system of FIG. 1, and having LEDs for ultraviolet light, blue light, green light, and red light, and a laser diode for infrared light.

FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic view of a third embodiment of the light and filter portion of the light source of the endoscopic system of FIG. 1, and having LEDs for blue light, green light, and red light, multiple laser diodes for infrared light, and optionally an LED for ultraviolet light.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a single light source slot in a light engine having two infrared laser diodes, both connected to a single heat sink.

FIG. 13A is a perspective view of a light source stack which includes a plurality of laser diodes.

FIG. 13B is an elevational side view of the light source stack, including infrared laser diodes, and a heat sink, of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic view of a fourth embodiment of the light and filter portion of the light source of the endoscopic system of FIG. 1, and having LEDs for white light and UV light and multiple laser diodes for infrared light.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a light source with a modular light engine.

FIG. 16 is a rear perspective view of the light source with modular light engine of FIG. 15, with the housing of the light source removed.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the modular light engine of FIG. 15 with the housing removed.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a light source with a modular upgrade to the light engine.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the modular upgrade of FIG. 18 with a portion of the housing removed.

FIG. 20 is an elevational view of the modular upgrade of FIG. 18 with a portion of the housing removed, and showing the light paths therein.

FIG. 21 is a top perspective view of a light module receiving base of a light source.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a portion of the light module receiving base of FIG. 21.

FIG. 23 is a top plan view of an embodiment of a light module.

FIG. 24 is a top perspective view of the light module of FIG. 23.

FIG. 25 is a top perspective view of the light module of FIG. 23 engaging with the base of FIG. 21.

FIG. 26 is a partially exploded view of an embodiment of a light module and a movable filter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Certain terminology will be used in the following description for convenience and reference only, and will not be limiting. For example, the words “upwardly,” “downwardly,” “rightwardly,” and “leftwardly” will refer to directions in the drawings to which reference is made. The words “inwardly” and “outwardly” will refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of the arrangement, and designated parts thereof. This terminology includes the words specifically mentioned, derivatives thereof, and words of similar import.

FIG. 1 shows an endoscopic camera arrangement 10, including a scope assembly 11 which may be utilized in endoscopic procedures. The scope assembly 11 incorporates an endoscope or scope 12 which is coupled to a camera head 16 by a coupler 13 located at the distal end of the camera head 16. Light is provided to the scope by a light source 14 via a light guide 26, such as a fiber optic cable. The camera head 16 is coupled to a camera control unit (CCU) 18 by an electrical cable 15. The CCU 18 is preferably connected to, and communicates with, the light source 14. Operation of the camera 16 is controlled, in part, by the CCU 18. The cable 15 conveys video image data from the camera head 16 to the CCU 18 and conveys various control signals bi-directionally between the camera head 16 and the CCU 18. In one embodiment, the image data output by the camera head 16 is digital.

A control or switch arrangement 17 is provided on the camera head 16 and allows a user to manually control various functions of the arrangement 10. Voice commands are input into a microphone 25 mounted on a headset 27 worn by the surgeon and coupled to a voice-control unit 23. A hand-held control device 21, such as a tablet with a touch screen user interface or a PDA, may be coupled to the voice control unit 23 as a further control interface. In the illustrated embodiment, a recorder 31 and a printer 33 are also coupled to the CCU 18. Additional devices, such as an image capture and archiving device, may be included in the arrangement 10 and coupled to the CCU 18. Video image data acquired by the camera head 16 and processed by the CCU 18 is converted to images, which can be displayed on a monitor 20, recorded by the recorder 31, and/or used to generate static images, hard copies of which can be produced by the printer 33.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of part of the endoscopic system 10 used to illuminate and receive light from an object 1, such as a surgical site of a patient. The object 1, depending on the procedure, may include fluorescent or other imaging markers 2 therein. The markers 2 are preferably comprised of indocyanine green (ICG) which is an FDA-approved fluorescent dye for bile duct identification and sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification; a hexaminolevulinate hydrochloride imaging agent for locating cancerous tissues such as tumors, also known as UV fluorescent imaging or more specifically, 5-ALA imaging; or a fluorophore such as fluorescein, which is an FDA-approved fluorescent dye for cerebrospinal fluid identification.

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the structure of a preferred embodiment of the endoscope 12 in greater detail at the distal end 38 thereof. A shaft 36 of the endoscope 12 is defined by a substantially cylindrical and tubular outer housing 40 and an inner tubular housing 42 located within the outer housing 40. The outer and inner housings 40, 42 are sized such that an annular space 44 is defined therebetween which extends along a substantial portion of the longitudinal extent of the shaft 36. A cylindrical optical fiber 46 is located within the annular space 44 and extends from the distal end 38 rearwardly to the proximal end of the endoscope 12 to receive electromagnetic radiation transmitted into the endoscope 12 via the light guide 26.

In the illustrated example, the inner tubular housing 42 encloses the innermost functional components of the endoscope 12, such as an optical train 48. The optical train 48 can comprise an image lens 50 at the distal end 38 suitably fixed or connected to the inner surface of the inner tubular housing 42 with a corresponding generally annular image lens casing 52. A distal window 54 is located at the distal terminus of the tubular outer housing 40, the inner tubular housing 42 and the optical fiber 46. In one embodiment, the otherwise empty spaces in the optical train 48, for instance the space between the image lens 50 and the distal window 54, are hermetically sealed against the exterior of the endoscope 12 and filled with a specified fluid such as low-humidity nitrogen gas. Alternatively, one or more such spaces may be hermetically sealed with respect to the exterior of the endoscope 12 and substantially devoid of fluid. The components and workings of the endoscopic system as described above are conventional and further description is accordingly not provided herein.

The illustrated endoscope 12 includes the distal window 54 on the distal end 38 thereof. The distal window 54 allows the imaging light coming from the optical fiber 46 to pass therethrough for illuminating the surgical field. After passing through the distal window 54, the imaging light reflects off of matter in the surgical field, for example, object 1, and reflects back through and into the endoscope 12 through a center area of the distal window 54 to be passed to an eyepiece. The distal window 54, however, typically does not allow heating light to pass therethrough in order to absorb energy of the heating light to heat the distal window 54. Heating of the distal window 54 prevents moisture from condensating on an exterior surface 56 of the distal window 54, thereby preventing fogging of the endoscope 12. The distal window 54 can comprise an optical absorbing element or an optical absorbing element in combination with another optical element (e.g., a fully transparent window). This endoscope and its anti-fogging features are described in detail in U.S. Ser. No. 14/155,480, that published as U.S. Pub. Pat. App. No. 2014/0200406, and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The light source 14 depicted in FIG. 4 may generate light in five modes: (1) white light (a combination of red, green, and blue light), (2) a limited band imaging mode using the UV LED with a 415-nm filter and the green LED with a 540-nm filter, (3) a UV fluorescent mode using only the UV LED (and preferably no filter), which includes, but is not limited to, a 5-ALA fluorescence mode, (4) a fluorescein mode using the UV LED and the blue LED, preferably without filters, and (5) an endoscope defogging mode in which all of the UV LED, the blue LED, the green LED, and the red LED are used.

In all five modes, the light is transmitted to and through an optic lens output system 22 (see FIG. 2) which focuses light onto a light pipe 24. The light pipe 24 preferably has a diameter substantially similar to the diameter of the fiber bundle of the endoscope and creates a homogeneous light, which is then transmitted to the fiber optic light guide 26. The light guide 26 includes multiple optic fibers and is connected to a light post 28, which is part of the endoscope 12. As described above, the endoscope 12 has an illumination pathway and an optical channel pathway.

The endoscope 12 may include a notch filter 8, which allows at least 80% of infrared light in a wavelength range of 830 nm to 870 nm to pass therethrough and allows at least 80% of visible light in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm to pass therethrough, but blocks light having a wavelength of 808 nm, and other similar wavelengths, if desired or more practical. The notch filter 8 should have an optical density of OD5 or higher. Alternatively, the notch filter 8 can be located in the coupler 13.

The basic components of the light source 14 are shown in FIG. 4. The light source 14 includes an LED and filter section 129, which has a first LED 130, a second LED 132, a third LED 134, and a fourth LED 136. Preferably, the first LED 130 emits light in the ultraviolet spectrum (preferably 400-440 nm and more preferably 405-420 nm) and includes light having a wavelength range of 407-409 nm, the second LED 132 emits light in the blue wavelength spectrum, the third LED 134 emits light in the green wavelength spectrum, and the fourth LED 136 emits light in the red wavelength spectrum. The first LED 130 is activated by a first LED driver 138, the second LED 132 is activated by a second LED driver 140, the third LED 134 is activated by a third LED driver 142, and the fourth LED 136 is activated by a fourth LED driver 144. The drivers 138, 140, 142, 144 are each powered by an external power supply 148.

The electrical currents supplied to the LEDs 130, 132, 134, 136, are adjusted using a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) 130 a for the UV LED 130, a DAC 132 a for the blue LED 132, a DAC 134 a for the green LED 134, and a DAC 136 a for the red LED 136.

Adjacent the first LED 130 is a first optical component 130′, adjacent the second LED 132 is a second optical component 132′, adjacent the third LED 134 is a third optical component 134′, and adjacent the fourth LED 136 is a fourth optical component 136′. The optical components 130′, 132′, 134′, 136′ are for the purpose of decreasing the angles of the paths of the light emitted from the LEDs 130, 132, 134, 136, respectively. The optical components 130′, 132′, 134′, 136′ may be any component that is capable of achieving the desired purpose, but preferably are lenses or light pipes.

Adjacent the first optical component 130′ is a first motorized movable filter 141, and adjacent the third optical component 134′ is a second motorized movable filter 145. The movable filters 141, 145 may be used to filter light from the first and third LEDs 130, 134, respectively, or not used depending on the desired imaging mode, as discussed below.

The first motorized movable filter 141 includes an optical filter 141′ and a motor 141″ (see FIGS. 5-9). Activation of the motor 141″ allows the optical filter 141′ to be moved into or out of the pathway along which light emitted by the first LED 130 travels. The second motorized movable filter 145 includes an optical filter 145′ and a motor 145″. Activation of the motor 145″ allows the optical filter 145′ to be moved into or out of the pathway along which light emitted by the third LED 134 travels.

Adjacent the first movable filter 141 is a first dichroic filter 150, adjacent the second optical component 132′ is a second dichroic filter 152, and adjacent both the second movable filter 145 and the fourth optical component 136′ is a third dichroic filter 154. The dichroic filters 150, 152, 154 are each designed to reflect certain light and allow passage of other light therethrough, as described in more detail below.

A color sensor 160 is positioned adjacent the second dichroic filter 152, at a location opposite the second LED 132. The color sensor 160 detects light in the visible light wavelength spectrum, and when visible light is detected, it provides a signal to a color balance circuit/logic device 162. The amount of visible light detected is used by the color balance circuit/logic device 162 to provide signals to the LED drivers 140, 142, 144 to adjust the intensity of one or more of the LEDs 132, 134, 136, such that the preferred balance of light in the visible spectrum is achieved. A switching logic device 164 is provided which switches the light source 14 among the various modes of the light source 14.

FIGS. 5-9 show a more detailed view of the LED and filter section 129 of the first embodiment. In this arrangement, the first dichroic filter 150 allows all visible light (i.e. light in the blue, green, and red wavelength spectra) to pass, while reflecting ultraviolet light. The second dichroic filter 152 allows light in the red and green wavelength spectra to pass while reflecting light in the blue wavelength spectrum. The third dichroic filter 154 allows light in the red wavelength spectrum to pass, while reflecting light in the green wavelength spectrum. A first optical lens 166 is located between the first dichroic filter 150 and the second dichroic filter 152, and is for focusing light received from the second dichroic filter 152 to be passed to the first dichroic filter 150. A second optical lens 168 is located between the second dichroic filter 152 and the third dichroic filter 154, and is for focusing light received from the third dichroic filter 154 to be passed to the second dichroic filter 152.

In operation in the first mode, shown in FIG. 5, power is not supplied to the first LED driver 138, but is supplied to the second LED driver 140, the third LED driver 142, and the fourth LED driver 144. Thus, in this mode, no light is provided by the first LED 130, but light is provided by the second LED 132, the third LED 134, and the fourth LED 136. Also, the movable filters 141′, 145′ are positioned outside of the light paths. Light in the red wavelength spectrum is emitted from the fourth LED 136 in the direction of the pathway 170 toward the fourth optical component 136′ and the third dichroic filter 154, as shown in FIG. 5. Light in the green wavelength spectrum is emitted from the third LED 134 in the direction of the pathway 172 toward the third optical component 134′ and the third dichroic filter 154. Because the third dichroic filter 154 allows red light to pass and reflects green light, the light along the pathway 174 is a mixture of light in the red and green wavelength spectra. This mixture of light from the pathway 174 is focused by the second optical lens 168 and transmitted along the pathway 176 to the second dichroic filter 152. Light in the blue wavelength spectrum is emitted by the second LED 132 along the pathway 178 toward the second optical component 132′ and the second dichroic filter 152. Because the second dichroic filter 152 allows red and green light to pass and reflects blue light, the light along the pathway 180 is a mixture of blue, green, and red light. This light is transmitted along the pathway 180 and through optical lens 166, which focuses the light. The focused blue, green, and red light mixture is transmitted along the pathway 182 toward the first dichroic filter 150, which allows blue light, green light, and red light to pass. Thus, all of the light transmitted along the pathway 182 passes through the first dichroic filter 150 to an exit pathway 184. The mixture of blue light, green light, and red light, i.e. white light, is transmitted along the exit pathway 184 to the lens system 22, as shown in FIG. 2.

In the second mode, shown in FIG. 6, power is provided to the first LED driver 138 and to the third LED driver 142, but is not provided to the second LED driver 140 or the fourth LED driver 144. Thus, the light source 14 provides ultraviolet light and light in the green wavelength spectrum. Because the second LED 132 and the fourth LED 136 provide no light in this mode, there is no light transmitted along the pathways 178 and 170 (see FIG. 5). In this mode, the movable filters 141′, 145′ are positioned in the pathways 186, 172, respectively, for filtering of the light emissions of the first LED 130 and the third LED 134. The third LED 134 emits light in the green wavelength spectrum along pathway 172 in the direction of the third optical component 134′, the movable filter 145′, and the third dichroic filter 154, which reflects the green light. The movable filter 145′ filters the light from the LED 134 such that light reaching the dichroic filter 154 along pathway 172 is only visible light having a wavelength of approximately 540 nm. As a result, the 540-nm light is transmitted along the pathway 174, to and through the optical lens 168, along the pathway 176 to the second dichroic filter 152, along the pathway 180 to and through the lens 166, and along pathway 182 to the dichroic filter 150. The first LED 130 emits ultraviolet light along the pathway 186 in the direction of the first optical component 130′, the movable filter 141′, and the first dichroic filter 150. The light reaching the movable filter 141′ is filtered such that light reaching the dichroic filter 150 along pathway 186 is only ultraviolet light having a wavelength of approximately 415 nm. Because the first dichroic filter 150 passes light in the visible wavelength spectrum, and reflects ultraviolet light, the result of light transmitted along the exit pathway 184 is a mixture of 540-nm visible light, and 415-nm ultraviolet light, as shown in FIG. 6. This mixture of light is transmitted to the lens system 22.

As shown in FIG. 7, operation in the third mode involves supplying power to only the first LED 130. Power is not supplied to the second LED 132, the third LED 134, or the fourth LED 136. The movable filter 141′ is positioned outside of the light pathway 186 such that light from the first LED 130 travels along pathway 186 to and through the optical component 130′, and to the dichroic filter 150. The UV light emitted by the first LED 130 is reflected by the first dichroic filter 150, and thus the light from the first LED 130 moves along the exit pathway 184 to the lens system 22.

In the fourth mode, shown in FIG. 8, power is supplied to the first LED driver 138 and the second LED driver 140, but is not supplied to the third LED driver 142 and the fourth LED driver 144. Thus, in this mode, light is provided only by the first LED 130 and the second LED 132. Also, the movable filters 141′, 145′ are positioned outside of the light paths. Light in the blue wavelength spectrum is emitted by the second LED 132 along the pathway 178 toward the second optical component 132′ and the second dichroic filter 152. This light is reflected by the second dichroic filter 152 and transmitted along the pathway 180 and through optical lens 166, which focuses the light. The focused blue light is transmitted along the pathway 182 toward the first dichroic filter 150, which allows blue light to pass. Light in the UV wavelength spectrum is emitted from the first LED 130 in the direction of pathway 186 toward the first optical component 130′, and to the dichroic filter 150. The UV light emitted by the first LED 130 is reflected by the first dichroic filter 150. The mixture of UV and blue light is transmitted along the exit pathway 184 to the lens system 22, as shown in FIG. 2.

In the fifth mode, shown in FIG. 9, power is supplied to the first LED driver 138, the second LED driver 140, the third LED driver 142, and the fourth LED driver 144. Thus, in this mode, light is provided by the first LED 130, the second LED 132, the third LED 134, and the fourth LED 136. Also, the movable filters 141′, 145′ are positioned outside of the light paths. Light in the red wavelength spectrum is emitted from the fourth LED 136 in the direction of the pathway 170 toward the fourth optical component 136′ and the third dichroic filter 154, as shown in FIG. 9. Light in the green wavelength spectrum is emitted from the third LED 134 in the direction of the pathway 172 toward the third optical component 134′ and the third dichroic filter 154. Because the third dichroic filter 154 allows red light to pass and reflects green light, the light along the pathway 174 is a mixture of light in the red and green wavelength spectra. This mixture of light from the pathway 174 is focused by the second optical lens 168 and transmitted along the pathway 176 to the second dichroic filter 152. Light in the blue wavelength spectrum is emitted by the second LED 132 along the pathway 178 toward the second optical component 132′ and the second dichroic filter 152. Because the second dichroic filter 152 allows red and green light to pass and reflects blue light, the light along the pathway 180 is a mixture of blue, green, and red light. This light is transmitted along the pathway 180 and through optical lens 166, which focuses the light. The focused blue, green, and red light mixture is transmitted along the pathway 182 toward the first dichroic filter 150, which allows blue light, green light, and red light to pass. Light in the UV wavelength spectrum is emitted from the first LED 130 in the direction of pathway 186 toward the first optical component 130′, and to the dichroic filter 150. The UV light emitted by the first LED 130 is reflected by the first dichroic filter 150. The mixture of UV light, blue light, green light, and red light is transmitted along the exit pathway 184 to the lens system 22, as shown in FIG. 2.

After the light, in the first mode, the second mode, the third mode, fourth mode, or fifth mode passes through the lens system 22, it is transmitted through the light pipe 24, through the fiber optic light guide 26, and to the endoscope 12 via the light post 28. The light transmits through the illumination pathway of the endoscope to the object 1.

In the first mode, visible light is reflected off of the object 1, a portion of which is received by the endoscope 12, and which is transmitted to the camera head 16 via the optical channel pathway. In the second mode, 415-nm UV light, as well as 540-nm visible light, are transmitted to the object 1. The light is reflected or absorbed by the object 1, and a portion of the reflected light is received by the endoscope 12. In the third mode, UV light is transmitted to the object 1, and excites the fluorescent markers 2 in the object. The excitation of the fluorescent markers 2 causes the markers 2 to emit their own light, which is approximately 633-nm red/pink light. This 633-nm light, along with some reflected light, is transmitted to the camera head 16 via the optical channel pathway. A filter may be used in the endoscope 12 to block excitation light so as to prevent excitation light from washing out the fluorescent emission. In the fourth mode, 415-nm UV light, as well as blue visible light, are transmitted to the object 1. The light in the 465 nm to 490 nm range excites fluorescein markers in the object 1. The excitation of the fluorescent markers causes the markers 2 to emit their own light in the 520 nm to 530 nm range. A filter may be used in the endoscope 12 or in the coupler 13 to prevent reflected blue light from washing out the received light emission. In the fifth mode, UV light, blue light, green light, and red light are all transmitted to and through the endoscope 12. The light emitted can be used to defog the endoscope by reducing or eliminating moisture on the exterior surface 56 of the distal window via absorption of radiation from the light.

The light, in the first mode, the second mode, the third mode, or the fourth mode, returns along a path to the camera head 16 as shown and described in WO 2014/152757 which is herby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The camera head 16 may include a trichroic prism or other filters.

The reference numeral 229 (FIG. 10) generally designates another embodiment of the present invention, being a second embodiment of an LED and filter section of a light source. Since the LED and filter section 229 is similar to the previously-described LED and filter section 129, similar parts and light pathways appearing in FIGS. 1-9 are represented by the same corresponding reference number, except for adding 100 to the previous part numeral of those in FIGS. 1-9.

The LED and filter section 229 includes not only the four LEDs described above for the LED and filter section 129, but also includes an infrared laser diode 243. In front of the laser diode 243 is an optical component 243′. Infrared light emitted from the laser diode 243 travels along light pathway 288 through the optical component 243′ and to a dichroic filter 250 which reflects infrared light, and passes blue, green, and red light emitted from LEDs 232, 234, and 236. The infrared and/or blue, green, and red light from the dichroic filter 250 travels along light pathway 284 to and through a lens 269, and then along light pathway 290 to another dichroic filter 251. The dichroic filter 251 passes infrared light, as well as blue, green, and red visible light, while reflecting light in the ultraviolet spectrum. Thus, light emitted from the LED 230 in the ultraviolet spectrum travels along light pathway 286, through an optical component 230′ (and optionally a movable filter 241′) and is reflected by the dichroic filter 251. Any light from the LEDs 230, 232, 234, 236 and/or light from the laser diode 243 then travels along an exit light pathway 292 to the light output and to and through the optical lens output system 22. The LED and filter portion 229 includes two movable filters 241, 245, which may be moved into or out of the light paths 286, 272, respectively, in similar fashion to that described above with respect to the LED and filter section 129. The laser diode 243 is preferably an infrared diode (denoted by the letters IR) which emits light having a wavelength in the range of about 805 nm to about 810 nm, and more preferably having a wavelength of about 808 nm.

Accordingly, the LED and filter section 229 may function in at least six modes, those being the five modes discussed above, as well as an infrared mode for light emission in a wavelength range of about 805 nm to about 810 nm. This mode is especially useful for using ICG markers which reflect a fluorescence. An additional mode may use the IR light for defogging as described in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2014/0200406.

An infrared sensor may be positioned adjacent the first dichroic filter 250, at a location opposite the laser diode 243. The infrared sensor detects the presence of infrared light, and when the presence of infrared light is detected, it provides a signal to a laser diode intensity control circuit. The laser diode intensity control circuit is connected to the laser diode driver and controls the intensity of the light emitted from the laser diode 243.

The reference numeral 329 (FIG. 11) generally designates another embodiment of the present invention, being a third embodiment of an LED and filter section of a light source. Since the LED and filter section 329 is similar to the previously-described LED and filter section 229, similar parts and light pathways appearing in FIG. 10 are represented by the same corresponding reference number, except for adding 100 to the previous part numeral of those in FIG. 10.

The LED and filter section 329 includes a blue LED 332, a green LED 334, a red LED 336, and optionally a UV LED 330. The LED and filter section 329 also includes an infrared laser configuration 343. Due to space constraints in some light source systems, and the desire to have a heat sink available for each LED/laser, the laser configuration 343 includes two infrared laser diodes as shown in FIGS. 12-13.

FIG. 12 depicts the infrared laser configuration 343, that includes a first infrared laser diode 400, which preferably emits an 808-nm infrared laser, and a second infrared laser diode 402, which preferably emits a 780-nm infrared laser. Each of the laser diodes 400, 402 are connected to a heat sink 404. The heat sink 404 is capable of absorbing the heat from each of the laser diodes 400, 402, especially since the laser diodes 400, 402 are typically used separately from one another.

As shown in FIG. 13A, the laser configuration 343 may include more than two laser diodes. The laser configuration 343 depicted in FIG. 13B has four laser diodes 400, 401, 402, 403, while only using one light source slot/heat sink.

In FIGS. 12, 13A, and 13B the laser diodes 400, 401, 402, 403 are shown to be one above the other vertically, however other configurations are contemplated. Preferably though, an optical prism 406 is placed between/among the laser diodes 400, 402 and is capable of receiving an emission from each of the laser diodes, such as laser diodes 400, 402, as shown in FIG. 13B. A laser emission is received by the optical prism 406 from the laser diode 400 via light path 408 and receives a laser emission from laser diode 402 via light path 410. The optical prism 406 is capable of redirecting the emissions from laser diodes 400, 402 along light path 388 toward and through an optical component 343′ and to a dichroic filter 350. The emissions from the laser diodes 400, 402 are directed out of the optical prism 406 along concentric optical pathways 388 a and 388 b, respectively.

Another embodiment is depicted in FIG. 14. This embodiment is one that typically would have a small size where space limitations are at a premium. The light source 500 includes four different light emission components. Those light source components are a white light LED 502, a UV LED 504, an infrared 808 nm laser diode 506, and an infrared 780 nm laser diode 508. The infrared 808 nm laser diode 506 and the infrared 780 nm laser diode 508 preferably both use the same “slot” and thus the same heat sink as depicted in FIGS. 12-13.

The white light LED 502 is preferably a powerful LED and can be used during normal endoscopic illumination. The white light emitted from the LED 502 could be filtered and separated into individual color components and used for other imaging modalities. The light emitted from the LED 502 travels along a light path 510 to and through an optical component 512 and to a dichroic filter 514 which allows visible light to pass therethrough.

The LED 504 emits ultraviolet light along a light pathway 516 to and through an optical component 518 and to the dichroic filter 514. The dichroic filter 514 reflects the ultraviolet light from the LED 504 and thus both visible light and ultraviolet light move along light path 520 to a second dichroic filter 522 which allows both visible light and ultraviolet light to pass therethrough.

Infrared light from either laser diode 506 or laser diode 508 is emitted from the slot 509 along a light path 524 to and through an optical component 526 and to the second dichroic filter 522. The second dichroic filter 522 reflects infrared light. Light reflected by or passing through the dichroic filter 522 moves along a light path 528.

The light along light path 528 is directed to a filter mechanism 530, such as a filter wheel, which can change optical filters, depending on the mode desired. It is contemplated that other types of filters could also be used with the light engine 500.

The light engine 500 is capable of multiple imaging modalities, while having a smaller overall footprint size than a typical light engine because it requires fewer heat sinks and slots. The light engine 500 is capable of at least the following imaging modalities: white light, ICG, on target drug (780 nm), UV fluorescent, limited band imaging, fluorescein, and a backlight for laser modes.

FIGS. 15-17 depict a first embodiment of a modular light engine system for a light source 614. The light source 614 has a port or opening 614 a which is shaped and sized to receive a modular light engine 614 b. The light source 614 therefore may use interchangeable light engines, such as light engine 614 b, which is essentially an LED and filter section similar to that of the LED and filter sections 129, 229, 329, 500 discussed above. Accordingly, the user may select a particular modular light engine for the particular surgical procedure to be performed. Therefore, the modular light engine 614 b may include a variety of different filters and lights. An example of such a modular light engine is shown in FIG. 17, which has components similar to the second embodiment of the LED and filter section 229, discussed above. Specifically, the modular light engine 614 b depicted in FIG. 17 include LEDs 630, 632, 634, and 636, with corresponding optical components 630′, 632′, 634′, and 636′. In addition, included is a infrared laser diode 643 with corresponding optical component 643′. Four dichroic filters 650, 651, 652, and 654 are included for proper reflection and/or passing of light for a particular mode, and lenses 666, 668, 669 are included for focusing of light.

Another embodiment of a light source 714 with a modular light engine 714 b is depicted in FIGS. 18-20. The light source 714 includes an opening or port 714 a which is shaped and sized to receive the modular light engine 714 b.

The modular light engine 714 b is different from that of 614 b in that the modular light engine 714 b does not include LED lights, but uses light from LEDs or other light sources in the light source 714 for light in the visible spectrum and/or infrared spectrum.

As depicted in FIGS. 19-20, the modular light engine 714 b includes a housing 1100, a light input 1102, and a light output 1104. Inside the housing 1100 are a battery pack 1106, which may be of the rechargeable type, a UV LED chip board 1108 which is capable of providing UV light via an LED, and a microcontroller 1110 for controlling the UV LED chip board 1108. Also included within the housing 1100 are a color filter wheel 1112, a motor 1114 for turning the color filter wheel 1112 when desired, and a variety of optical prism blocks 1116 for providing light paths for the various light inputted into and generated by the modular light engine 714 b.

FIG. 20 shows the various light paths for the light which may be emitted by the modular light engine 714 b. Specifically, as shown, red, blue, and green light may be inputted via light input 1102 and follow along the light path 1117 as shown in FIG. 20, including through one or more of the prism blocks 1116, and to and through a portion of the filter wheel 1112. In addition, the light path 1118 for UV light generated by the UV LED chip board 1108 is depicted in FIG. 20. As shown, the UV light travels from the chip board 1108, to and through a portion of the filter wheel 1112, and to and through one or more of the prism blocks 1116 before exiting via the light output 1104.

FIGS. 21-22 depict a light engine port 1200 which may be part of a light engine such as light source 614 and is configured to receive and connect to a light module such as light module 614 b. The port 1200 includes a floor 1202 which has two slots 1204, 1206 therein for easy centering and alignment of a light module. The port 1200 also includes a substantially vertically oriented receiving member 1208 which has a groove 1210 therein that is sized to receive a portion of a front panel of a light module.

The port 1200 also includes multiple heat sinks 1212, 1214, 1216, 1218, 1220 which are sized and positioned to contact a thermal interface of an LED chip board on a light module. The heat sinks 1212, 1214, 1216, 1218, 1220 allow thermal management of the light source, including a light module via forced air cooling, while allowing the light module to be removable.

The port 1200 also preferably includes multiple high current power supply connectors, such as banana plugs 1222, for connection to a light module. In addition, an electrical pinout block 1224 is included to provide power and electronic communication to any sensors, motors, or other components that are part of the light module.

The groove 1210 in the receiving member 1208 is generally semicircular in shape with a circular indentation and is therefore shaped and sized to receive a circular portion of the end plate of a light module.

The reference numeral 1300 (FIGS. 23-24) generally designates another embodiment of a light module of the present invention. Since light module 1300 is similar to previously described light module 614 b, similar parts appearing in FIGS. 17 and 23-24, respectively, are represented by the same, corresponding number, except for the addition of 700 in the numerals of the latter. The light module 1300 includes a front panel 1370 which has a light port therein defined by a round outer lip 1372. The outer lip 1372 is sized and shaped to fit within and be received by the groove 1210 in the receiving member 1208. The LEDs and laser diode 1330, 1332, 1334, 1336, and 1343 each have preferably two power receiving ports 1374 configured to receive and engage with banana plug connectors such as the banana plug connectors 1222 of the port 1200. In addition, each of the LEDs and the laser diode has a thermal interface for conveying heat to a heat sink for that particular LED or laser diode. The LED 1330 has a thermal interface 1376 which is sized and configured to engage with the heat sink 1212 of the base 1200, the LED 1343 includes a thermal interface 1378 which is sized and configured to engage with the heat sink 1214, the LED 1332 has a thermal interface 1380 which is sized and configured to engage with the heat sink 1216, the LED 1334 has a thermal interface 1382 which is sized and configured to engage with the heat sink 1218, and the LED 1336 has a thermal interface 1384 which is sized and configured to engage with the heat sink 1220. The thermal interface 1384 is at an angle “A” with respect to the longitudinal axis of the LED 1336, as shown in FIG. 23. Angling of the thermal interface 1384, as well as the face of its respective heat sink 1220 creates an increased compression between the two to maintain heat transfer away from the LED light source. Angle A is preferably between about 20° and about 30°, and more preferably is about 25°. A wedge 1386 is placed between the thermal interface 1384 and the LED 1336 and is preferably of a material that is a good heat conductor, such as copper.

The light module 1300 also includes a pinout block (female) receiver 1388 for receiving electrical power from the port 1200, which may be used for a variety of purposes, including movement of one or more filters during the operation of the light source.

As depicted in FIG. 24, the light module 1300 preferably has a base 1387 with two feet 1388, 1390 depending therefrom. The feet 1388, 1390 are spaced apart from each other and are sized and shaped to fit within grooves 1204 and 1206, respectively.

FIG. 25 depicts the beginning of engagement between the light module 1300 and the port 1200. The straight arrows in FIG. 25 show the direction of movement of the light module 1300, once feet 1388, 1390 are aligned with and guided into the grooves 1204, 1206, respectively, for the light module 1300 to be fully connected and engaged with the port 1200.

The light source, including the port 1200, the light module 1300, or preferably a combination of the two, may include a motorized magnetically driven optical filter, which is shown in FIGS. 24 and 26. The magnetically driven optical filter device 1400 includes a movable driven filter 1402 which includes a filter arm 1404. The filter arm 1404 is attached at its distal end to a front panel 1406 and a magnet 1408.

The front panel 1406 includes a frame 1410 and an inner member 1412 attached to the frame 1410. The inner member 1412 has an aperture 1414 therein which may or may not include a lens.

On the side of the front panel 1406 opposite the filter 1402 is a motor 1416. The motor 1416 may receive electrical power from the pin 1224 of the base 1200 via the pin receiving 1388. The motor 1416 drives a lever arm 1418 which is attached to a magnet 1420.

In operation, the motor 1416 may be used to move the lever arm 1418 in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction, thereby moving the magnet 1420 with it. Due to magnetic forces, the magnet 1408 is moved along with magnet 1420, which in turn moves the filter arm 1404 and the filter 1402 in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction to move the filter 1402 into or out of the light path of the light exiting the light module 1300.

The above-described light sources and light source engines provide a flexible system by which various modes of light output can be achieved for a variety of different medical procedures. The modularity of the modular light engines gives the potential of using a variety of different modular pieces without having to purchase a whole new light source system, while providing increased capability as well as the potential for future modular components which may be used with existing light sources.

Although particular preferred embodiments of the invention have been disclosed in detail for illustrative purposes, it will be recognized that variations or modifications of the disclosed apparatus, including the rearrangement of parts, lie within the scope of the present invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A light source apparatus comprising: a first LED capable of emitting light in a first wavelength in the visible spectrum; a second LED capable of emitting light in a second wavelength in the visible spectrum; a third LED capable of emitting light in the ultraviolet spectrum; a light output; a first optical filter which is movable to a first position in front of the third LED for isolating and emitting light in a first specific wavelength to the light output, and is movable to a second position not in front of the third LED; and a second optical filter which is movable to a third position in front of the first LED for insulating and emitting light in a second specific wavelength to the light output, and is movable to a fourth position not in front of the first LED.
 2. The light source apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first optical filter is movable between the first position and the second position by use of a motor.
 3. The light source apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second optical filter is movable between the third position and the fourth position by use of a motor.
 4. The light source apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first optical filter isolates and emits light having a wavelength of approximately 415 nm.
 5. The light source apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second optical filter isolates and emits light having a wavelength of approximately 540 nm.
 6. The light source apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the third LED emits light having a wavelength range which comprises 407-409 nm.
 7. The light source apparatus according to claim 1, and further comprising a first dichroic filter to pass light emitted from the first LED and to reflect light emitted from the second LED.
 8. The light source apparatus according to claim 7, and further comprising a second dichroic filter to pass light from the first LED and the second LED, and to reflect light emitted from the third LED.
 9. The light source apparatus according to claim 1, and further comprising a fourth LED capable of emitting light in the visible spectrum.
 10. A light source comprising: a first LED capable of emitting light in a first visible wavelength spectrum; a second LED capable of emitting light in a second visible wavelength spectrum; a third LED capable of emitting light in a third visible wavelength spectrum; a fourth LED capable of emitting light in an ultraviolet wavelength spectrum; at least one dichroic filter for passing light from at least one of the first LED, the second LED, the third LED, and the fourth LED, and reflecting light from at least one of the first LED, the second LED, the third LED, and the fourth LED; and an optical filter which is movable between a first position in which the optical filter receives light from one of the first LED, the second LED, the third LED, and the fourth LED, and a second position in which the optical filter does not receive light from one of the first LED, the second LED, the third LED, and the fourth LED.
 11. The light source of claim 10, wherein the optical filter is movable between the first position and the second position by use of a motor.
 12. The light source of claim 10, wherein the optical filter is a first optical filter and the light source further comprises a second optical filter movable between a third position and a fourth position.
 13. The light source of claim 10, wherein the optical filter isolates and emits light having a wavelength of approximately 415 nm.
 14. The light source of claim 10, wherein the optical filter isolates and emits light having a wavelength of approximately 540 nm.
 15. The light source of claim 12, wherein the first optical filter isolates and emits light having a wavelength of approximately 415 nm, and the second optical filter isolates and emits light having a wavelength of approximately 540 nm.
 16. A method of using a medical light source comprising the steps of: providing a multi-mode light source comprising: (a) a first LED to provide light of a first light wavelength spectrum along a first light path; (b) a second LED to provide light of a second light wavelength spectrum along a second light path; (c) a dichroic filter for passing and reflecting light emitted from the first LED and the second LED; (d) an optical filter movable between a first position in which the optical filter receives light from the first light path and a second position of which the optical filter does not receive light from the first light path; (e) a light output; (f) a controller which is capable of switching the light source between a first mode and a second mode, the first mode for providing a first imaging light to the light output and the second mode for providing a second imaging light to the light output; selecting a mode of light by choosing the first mode or the second mode.
 17. The method of using a medical light source of claim 16, wherein the light source comprises a third LED to provide light in a third wavelength spectrum.
 18. The method of using a medical light source of claim 17, wherein the light source comprises a fourth LED to provide light in a fourth wavelength spectrum.
 19. The method of using a medical light source of claim 16, wherein the optical filter is a first optical filter and the light source further comprises a second optical filter movable between a third position and a fourth position.
 20. The method of using a medical light source of claim 19, wherein the controller is capable of switching the light source to a third mode for providing a third imaging light to the light output.
 21. A modular light source component comprising: a housing for connection to an existing light source; an input member connected to the housing for receiving energy and/or light from the existing light source; a light path within the housing; a movable optical filter disposed within the housing and capable of intersecting the light path, the movable optical filter having at least two filtering modes; a controller for moving the movable optical filter to achieve a desired filtering mode; and a light output connected to the housing for emitting light from the modular light source component.
 22. The modular light source component of claim 21, wherein the movable optical filter is in the form of a wheel.
 23. The modular light source component of claim 21, and further comprising prism blocks to assist in determining the light path.
 24. The modular light source component of claim 21, and further comprising an LED light source.
 25. The modular light source component of claim 24, wherein the LED light source provides light in an ultraviolet wavelength spectrum.
 26. The modular light source component of claim 21, and further comprising a rechargeable energy source.
 27. A modular light source apparatus comprising: an outer casing capable of connection to a light source component; an input member for receiving energy and/or light from the light source component; a light emission source for generating light to be emitted out of the light source component; at least one filter for reflecting and/or transmitting light from the light emission source; and a light output connected to the casing for emitting light from the modular light source apparatus.
 28. The modular light source apparatus of claim 27, wherein the at least one filter is at least one dichroic filter.
 29. The modular light source apparatus of claim 28, wherein the at least one dichroic filter is fixed.
 30. The modular light source apparatus of claim 27, wherein the light emission source is an LED.
 31. A light source system comprising: a light source component comprising a port sized and shaped for receiving a light module and having at least one member therein with a groove for receiving a part of the light module; a light module having at least one light therein and a flange for engagement with the groove of the light source component; the light module being capable of being inserted into and removed from the port, the light source component and the light module together providing a light engine for providing light to a surgical site.
 32. The light source system of claim 31, wherein the light source component comprises at least one heat sink, and the light module comprising a thermal interface adjacent the at least one light, the thermal interface engaging the at least one heat sink when the light module is inserted into the port.
 33. The light source system of claim 32, wherein the thermal interface is at an angle of between about 20° and about 30° with respect to a longitudinal axis of the at least light.
 34. A medical light source comprising: a first light comprising an LED capable of emitting light in a visible wavelength spectrum; a second light comprising an LED capable of emitting light in an ultraviolet wavelength spectrum; and a third light comprising a first laser diode capable of emitting light in a first infrared spectrum and a second laser diode capable of emitting light in a second infrared spectrum, the third light comprising an optical prism for receiving light emitted from both the first laser diode and the second laser diode.
 35. The medical light source of claim 34, and further comprising at least one heat sink, the at least one heat sink engaging the third light and adapted to remove heat from both the first laser diode and the second laser diode. 